Category: 16th century

The Spanish Dance

16th century, 16th century, Dance

A set of images titled “Der Spanichs Dantz” came to my attention from the Códice de trajes, a German costume book in the National Library of Spain. As we have no surviving dance treatises from Spain, I was immediately curious about what could be gleaned from these images.

The Clothes

The thing I find most interesting about the clothes is the manner in which the ladies are managing their skirts for dancing. The first two images show what seem to be upper class ladies with their outer skirts tucked up inside in the front, revealing the farthingales beneath. The third image shows outer skirts tucked up to the outside and perhaps pinned in back, and no farthingales below.

The Drum

Some of the comments on these images when I first found them were focused on the square object shown in the second and third images. Given the dance context and the way the object is held in both images, this seemed likely to be a frame drum. A quick search for square frame drums turned up the adufe, a square frame drum or tambourine of Moorish origin, commonly used on the Iberian peninsula. This seemed to be exactly the drum shown here. The terms daf or pandeiro show up as similar instruments, but searching those terms turns up round rather than square examples.

The Dance

In the context of the clothes and drum, we can look at the dance itself. The position of the dancers seems exceptionally lively, with arms lifted and torsos angled in ways that are uncommon for most European dances. Coupled with the origin of the drum shown, I suspect that these images may show what Arbeau describes in Orchesographie regarding the Maltese Branle:

Some of the Knights of Malta devised a ballet … in which an equal number of men and damsels, dressed in Turkish costume, danced a round branle, comprising certain gestures and twisting movements of the body, which they called the Maltese branle.

He also says that “It was some forty years ago that this branle was first danced in France”. Given that Orchesographie was published in 1589 and the Códice de trajes dates to 1540, the timeline seems to track as well.

Brueghel Jacket: Completed

16th century

Here is the jacket in person, along with the new linen kirtle underneath and a very old apron. I still need to make a new coif to go with it. The ensemble seemed to wear well. I think I may take the side panels out, reattach the sleeves so they aren’t puckered at the shoulder, and reset and trim down the side panels at the bottom. That should be easy enough to do.

Brueghel Jacket: Construction

16th century

One side of the jacket put together (front, side panel, back)

The left sleeve installed.

The basic concept seems to work fine, though the sleeve should probably have been much wider to match the painting. Still, it’s wide enough as it is. In fact, the sleeve was a bit wider than the arch of the armscye, so I opted to just ease it in rather than cut it down (since I’d already finished all the edges). Hopefully a little steam will smooth that out, and if it doesn’t I’m not too concerned about it. I also took it in about an inch and a half on each side with a tuck in the center of the side panels, to account for seam allowances that were in the pattern but didn’t happen in the final garment. I need to finish and install the other sleeve, and then it will be done, more or less. The plan is to do hooks and eyes up the front, but I may just pin it this weekend.

Brueghel Jacket: Source Images

16th century

I have plans to make myself some new clothes, but first I must make my lovely wife new clothes. I made her a Flemish peasant outfit once many years ago, and it seemed like time to try it again. I’d already done the combination of side-back laced kirtle and front laced overgown that everyone in the world has done, so I opted instead for a front laced kirtle and short jacket. There are a couple of examples in Brueghel’s Wedding Dance, conveniently showing similar jackets from the front and back:

This detail shows the seam lines in the back.

This image shows the front neckline.

I’ve always wanted to do something like this with a square sleeve head inserted into an arch-shaped armscye, so it should be interesting. I cut some rough rectangles that I thought would approximate the pattern pieces, then draped them on her while she was laced into the kirtle. I turned down the corners at the top to make the neckline, and took in the center back seam until it fit right, trying to keep all the pieces as simple as possible. The sleeve pattern is drafted from measurements.

I managed to cut all the pieces out of some black wool that used to be a cloak at some point, and cut the lining from some medium weight teal cotton that I’ve had for probably 15 years. I’m wrapping the wool around the edges of each piece and putting it all together by hand. Hopefully I’ll be able to get it done by this weekend when she needs to wear it…

Household Workshop Day

16th century, Accessories, Dance, Household

This weekend was the first chance I was able to get together with both my new student Philippa and my apprentice Serafina. We met up at Philippa’s house to work on various projects.

A couple weeks ago I helped Philippa drape a body block for herself. We used that to work out patterns for a kirtle and loose gown modeled after a portrait of Eleanora de Toledo. After a few iterations of drafting and test fitting, we arrived at a pretty good shape.

Serafina brought along a new pouch that she’s been working on, and made good progress on it. It’s shaping up to be very close to the period examples she’s working from.

After we finished sewing for the day, we went over a few dances that Philippa wanted to teach her students later this week. Despite having to imagine most of the other dancers in our sets, I think it went pretty well.