Category: 16th century

IRCC 2019: Guibbone – Body

ThisĀ guibbone (doublet) is based on a number of images of similar garments. The common features are:

  • wide, round neckline
  • center front opening (often unfastened at the top)
  • sleeves that are full to below the elbow, then narrower (but not tight) below that
  • a square front panel up to the mid-chest

The first step is to create the body that all the other pieces will attach to. The outer shell is green silk taffeta, interlined with cotton canvas for stiffness, then lined with medium weight white linen.

Since the heavy interlining made bag lining impossible and there was no evidence of a bound edge in the images, I decided to cut the interlining without seam allowance and wrap the silk around the edge, then sew the lining in by hand. The side, back, and shoulder seams were done by machine, and then it was just a lot of hand sewing to get all the layers together. Normally I would do a lot of basting to keep thing in place while sewing, but taffeta is very bad about showing pin holes. Instead, I used mini binder clips to hold the edges together as I worked on them. It worked surprisingly well, despite being a little cumbersome.

The front is closed with seven pairs of hand made hooks and eyes sewn in under the lining.

IRCC 2019: Camicia

I have made a few camicie with gathered necklines for both men and women, usually using the raglan sleeve pattern that has been running around the web for ages. Invariably these fit poorly when I make them, especially in the armpits. This time around I took a look in Patterns of Fashion 4 and found two boys’ shirts with gathered low necklines and these were made in a way that I was unfamiliar with. They are basically T-tunic shaped, with a large rectangular neck opening bounded by a front and back panel and two small strips on the shoulders. While the earliest date mentioned for either of these shirts is 1550, the pattern seemed simple enough that it was entirely plausible for a similar shirt in 1515.

This camicia is made entirely of 3.2 oz white linen. The main seam for attaching the shoulders to the body panels and the initial attachment of the cuffs and neckline binding are done by machine with polyester thread. All other construction and finishing is done by hand with waxed linen thread. The seams between the shoulders and front and back panels are flat felled. All other seams for attaching the body, sleeves, and gussets are done by hemming the edges of the pieces and whip stitching the finished edges together. The side seams are left open from the hips down, and the total length is about mid-thigh.

The cuffs are gathered with a 1/4″ inch double running stitch into plain cuffs with a cloth bag button and buttonhole. The neckline is similarly gathered and bound with a strip of straight cut linen.

IRCC 2019: Brache

Francesco del Cossa, Allegory of April (detail) (1476-84)

While there are no extant brache to go from, there are a number of images depicting underwear of various sorts. Mutande are shorter and tighter fitting, while brache are longer and somewhat looser.

I have used several different patterns for these over the years, but in this instance I chose to make two separate legs with a curved crotch seam and a rectangular panel between them. I added a casing and drawstring at the top.

The fabric I used is medium weight white linen (from fabrics-store.com). The construction was done by machine and the finishing was done by hand with waxed linen thread. The drawstring is a plain weave tape made from cotton crochet yarn on an inkle loom.

IRCC 2019: Beginnings

I was encouraged by my dear friend and apprentice Alessandra to enter something for the Italian Renaissance Costuming Challenge. I haven’t done a lot of sewing for myself in recent years, so I thought it would be a good excuse to get back in the swing of it.

Lorenzo Lotto, St Dominic Raises Napoleone Orsini (1513-16)

I have done a lot of 15th century Italian clothing already, and enough later 16th century clothes to be interested in trying something new. I came across this Lorenzo Lotto painting while looking for evidence of stay tapes on pleats for 15th century men’s giorneas. While this is not a smoking gun for that (I found a better source elsewhere), it does do a good job of showing the various layers of this style.

The first layer of the outfit will be brache (drawers) and camicia (shirt), both made from linen. Next will be a guibbone (doublet) of silk and calze (hose) divided into upper and lower parts, both made of wool. The outermost layer will be a saio (gown) made of wool lined with silk.

I will not be including the riding boots shown in the image, but will likely be making some sort of hat (one can be seen in the right side of the painting, but there is little detail as to its shape). I have already acquired the fabrics I plan to use, assuming all goes to plan.

Flemish Peasant Details

I saw some paintings this morning that I hadn’t run across before. A few interesting bits stood out to me. First were two paintings of the Feast of St. George by Pieter Balten.

Picture 1

Here we can see a vigorous line dance being led from one end, without couples (though genders seem to alternate until they run out of men). On the left are two other dancers executing what appears to be an under-the-arm turn.

Picture 2

Here is another instance of a woman turning under the arm of a man.

Picture 4

This is a very clear depiction of a play being performed, with a curtained off backstage area.

Maerten van Cleve’s Parable of the Blind shows a good angle on a codpiece (martingale?).

Picture 3

This Lucas Gassel landscape has a nice layout of a tennis court:

Picture 5

Romanino Doublet: Plastron

For lack of a better term, let’s call this thing on the front of the doublet a “plastron“. I started with two layers of the yellow cotton, quilted together on the machine. The velvet was basted on the front side, wrapped around the edges and tacked down. I managed to squeeze a lining out of the remnants of the black linen and attached it by hand. Finally, I applied a border of red velvet ribbon:

romanino-bib1

I pinned it onto the doublet and played with the position a little. I think it will end up about here:romanino-bib2

The belt in that picture is just a couple scraps of purple linen tied around. I’d like to do something involving black silk scarves, but I haven’t decided where to get them from yet. The current plan is to tack the corners down on one side, and fasten the other side with hooks and eyes I made from copper wire:

romanino-hooks

Romanino Doublet: Sleeves

I wanted to have big sleeves on this doublet, but didn’t want to have too many layers going on. Hopefully they’ll work out okay. I started with a black linen inner sleeve, with velvet on the lower half:

romanino-sleeve-1Then I cut a nice big upper sleeve from the velvet. The plan was to have fullness at the shoulder and above the elbow, but not under the arm.

romanino-sleeve-2I sewed a strip of the yellow cotton to the bottom edge of the upper sleeve, turned it, gathered up cartridge pleats (except under the arm) and sewed up the seam. Then I attached the inner and outer sleeves at the shoulder, pleating in the fullness with 8 knife pleats.

romanino-sleeve-3The cartridge pleats were then tacked down by hand around the elbow. I think the end result could use more fullness in the middle, but I’m not sure that extra layers in the upper sleeve would help that much. There’s certainly plenty of shape given by the cartridge pleating, so hopefully that will be enough.

romanino-sleeve-4

Romanino Doublet: Body Construction

The body of the doublet went together without too much hassle. The main fabric is a black velvet that I was given by my Laurel on the occasion of my elevation. I’ve been sitting on it for years, waiting for the right project to come along. Hopefully I chose correctly. The body is interlined with one layer of a medium weight yellow cotton that no one in my family should ever wear on its own. The body is lined with lightweight red linen, and the skirt is lined with a medium weight black linen.

romanino-body-1The velvet was basted to the interlining, then sewn together at the sides and shoulders. The lining was sewn up the same way and then machine sewn along the bottom edge, turned, and hand topstitched. Then the center front and neck opening were basted together and a wide black linen facing was attached by machine and finished by hand. Finally, the arm holes were turned under and hand finished.

romanino-body-2

romanino-body-3The edges of the doublet are decorated with a stiff red velveteen ribbon that I got for next to nothing from a floral shop that was going out of business. It’s crinkly and has a tendency to shred at the ends, so I have some worries about its long term viability. In the worst case scenario, I’ll have to replace all the trim, but that’s not the end of the world.The center front is open at the top, and closes lower down with five sets of hooks and eyes. There’s some gapping there, but it will all be covered later so it’s not a big deal.

romanino-body-4

The skirt presented a bit of a problem at first. The corners curled under terribly, and it just didn’t look very good. By the time I realized the problem, I was way too far down the road to go back and rethink the construction. Instead, I ended up cutting small strips of flexible plastic cutting board and stuck them under the trim at the corners to serve as stays:

romanino-body-5

That seems to have more or less solved the problem. You can also see the shirt I made for this doublet (sans cuffs). It’s based essentially on Jen Thompson’s tried and true chemise technique. Next, sleeves!

Romanino Doublet: Planning

I have been wanting to make a doublet from the 1510-20ish range for a while now, but I hadn’t quite gotten started on it. I’ve been collecting images, and I built the hose I’ll need when I made my Veronese suit. I was still waffling on how to begin when Countess Gwen issued her Little Black Dress Challenge. Apparently that was the kick I needed to actually get serious about this thing.

First, as usual, I needed to find some reference images. I’ve been wanting to make the doublet in this 1516 Romanino portrait for ages:

Unfortunately, there’s some important information missing. How does it close, exactly? Is there a skirt? Does it come in black? Let’s look at some others. Here’s another Romanino portrait:

Okay, now we have black with gold trim, plus a pretty awesome hat. So far, so good. Still nothing below the waist, though. We also have the funny mid-chest bib thing over the open center front closure. Interesting, but still hard to work out the mechanics of it.

Okay, Franciabigio (1522) gives us some more here. Basic black (dark blue? let’s call it black), no trim, fancy hat, so I can dress it down a bit if I want. The half-bib thing again, still no skirt.

And here we have Bronzino (1527-28) for the win! It’s a touch later, but still with many of the same elements. Here we can see a skirt, pleated on somehow and open in the front. Again there’s the center front opening covered by a bib, except now we see that it’s held on at the corners with points, and it seems to be an entirely separate piece that goes down just below (and under) the belt. There’s a sash at the waist plus a (sword?) belt that hangs down across the skirt. The upper sleeves are a different color from the lower sleeves, but I think I can get away with the whole sleeve one color, based on the 1516 Romanino and the Franciabigio. I also think I’ll go with the more voluminous sleeves of the earlier portraits, as well as the enormous beret style hats. All of this in black velvet that I’ve been hoarding for several years now. Next, figuring out the pattern!

Veronese Suit: Completed

Since the last clothing update, I raised the waistline of the imbusto and doublet, and made the jerkin and hat.

The jerkin is made of tropical weight navy wool suiting. The body is lined with dark blue silk taffeta. The shoulder wings (this is their second incarnation) are interlined with two quilted layers of heavy cotton. The lapels are tacked down at the corners so they lay like I want them to. I didn’t have enough silk to line the skirt, but I love the way it drapes with just the wool, so that makes me happy.

The hat is made from the same silk taffeta. The brim is interlined with two quilted layers of some other mystery cotton. The crown (also the second incarnation) is lined with linen.